Intshayelelo
Intambo yocingo lwentsimbi yinxalenye ebalulekileyo ekuphakamiseni, ekunyuseni, emigodini, kuthutho lwaselwandle, kulwakhiwo, nakwiinkqubo zokuphatha ishishini. Isebenza phantsi koxinzelelo oluphezulu, intshukumo eqhubekayo, kunye neemeko ezinzima zokusingqongileyo yonke imihla. Ngenxa yendima yayo ebalulekileyo ekuthwaleni -imisebenzi yokuthwala, imeko yeNtsontelo yocingo lwentsimbi ichaphazela ngqo ukhuseleko lwesixhobo, ukusebenza kakuhle, kunye neendleko zokuyigcina.
Nangona iNtsontelo yocingo lwangoku yentsimbi yenzelwe ukomelela okuphezulu kunye nokuqina, ukusilela kusenzeka kumashishini amaninzi ngenxa yokhetho olungafanelekanga, ukugcinwa okulambathayo, ukusebenza ngendlela engafanelekanga, okanye ukonakaliswa kokusingqongileyo. Intambo engaphumeleliyo inokubangela iingozi ezimandundu, ukuphelelwa lixesha kwezixhobo zokusebenza, ilahleko yomthwalo, kunye nolungiso olubiza imali eninzi. Kwizicelo zokuphakamisa ubunzima, neziphene zentambo ezincinci zinokukhula ngokukhawuleza zibe ziingozi ezinkulu zokhuseleko ukuba azihoywa.
Uninzi lweentsilelo zeNtambo yeNtambo yeNsimbi ayizoziganeko zequbuliso. Kwiimeko ezininzi, umonakalo ukhula ngokuthe ngcembe ngokudinwa, ukukrazuka, ukubola, ukugcwala, okanye ukuphatha kakubi. Ukuqonda izizathu eziphambili zokungaphumeleli kunceda abaqhubi banciphise imingcipheko kunye nokwandisa ubomi benkonzo yezixhobo zokuphakamisa.
Eli nqaku lichaza oonobangela abakhulu bokusilela kweNtambo yeNtambo yeNsimbi kwaye ibonelela ngeendlela zothintelo ezisebenzayo eziphucula ukhuseleko, ukuthembeka, kunye{0}}nokusebenza kwexesha elide.
Ukungaphumeleli kokukhathala okubangelwa luxinzelelo oluphindaphindiweyo
Ukungaphumeleli kokudinwa sesinye sezona zizathu zixhaphakileyo zomonakalo weNtambo yeNtambo yeNsimbi. Ngexesha lemisebenzi yokuphakamisa, intambo igoba ngokuphindaphindiweyo phezu kwezithungu kunye namagubhu ngelixa ithwele imithwalo enzima. Oku kugoba okuqhubekayo kunye noxinzelelo ngokuthe ngcembe kunciphisa isakhiwo sangaphakathi seengcingo zentsimbi. Ngokuhamba kwexesha, iintanda zemicroscopic zenza ngaphakathi kweengcingo, ekugqibeleni zikhokelela ekuqhawukeni kocingo kunye nokulahleka kwamandla entambo.
Umonakalo wokudinwa uxhaphake kakhulu kwiicranes, iihoists, elevators, kunye ne-automated lifting systems ezisebenza ngokuqhubekayo imini yonke. -izixhobo zokuphakamisa isantya esiphezulu zenza uxinzelelo olukhulu lomjikelo kuba intambo igoba rhoqo kwixeshana elifutshane. Iidayamitha zesithungu esincinci zikwakhawulezisa ukudinwa kuba intambo kufuneka igobe kabukhali ngexesha lokusebenza.
Enye ingxaki enkulu kukusebenzisa ulwakhiwo lwentambo olungalunganga kwisicelo. Olunye uyilo lweNtsontelo yeNtsontelo yeNsimbi ibeka phambili ukuxhathisa i-abrasion ngeengcingo ezishinyeneyo zangaphandle, ngelixa ezinye zibonelela ngokuguquguquka okuphezulu kwezicelo zokugoba. Ukuba intambo eqinileyo isetyenziswa kwisixhobo esifuna ukugotywa ngokuqhubekayo, umonakalo wokudinwa ukhula ngokukhawuleza okukhulu.
Iimpawu ezininzi ezilumkisayo zibonisa ukusilela kokudinwa. Abanini-zithuthi banokuqaphela iingcingo ezaphukileyo ezigxile kufutshane nemimandla egotywayo, ukuthamba okucuthiweyo, intshukumo yentambo engalinganiyo, okanye ukuqhekeka komphezulu okubonakalayo. Ezi mpawu akufuneki zingahoywa kuba ukusilela kokudinwa kunokuqhubela phambili ngokukhawuleza xa iingcingo ezininzi ziqala ukuqhawuka.
Ukuthintela ukungaphumeleli kokudinwa kufuna uyilo olufanelekileyo lwezixhobo kunye nokugcinwa. Isithungu esikhulu kunye needamitha zegubu zinceda ukunciphisa uxinzelelo lokugoba kakhulu. Ulwakhiwo lwentambo oluthambileyo olufana noyilo lwe-6×36 lusebenza ngcono kusetyenziso lomjikelo ophezulu- kuba lusasaza uxinzelelo ngokulungeleleneyo kwiingcingo ezincinci. Umsebenzi wokuphakamisa ogudileyo uphinda unciphise umonakalo wokudinwa ngokunciphisa utshintsho olukhawulezileyo loxinzelelo kunye nomthwalo owothusayo. Uhlolo oluthe gqolo luhlala lubalulekile kuba ukufunyaniswa kwangoko kuvumela iintambo ezonakeleyo ukuba zitshintshwe phambi kokuba kwenzeke ukusilela okukhulu.
I-Abrasion kunye ne-Mechanical Wear
I-abrasion ngomnye unobangela ophambili wokusilela kweNtambo yeNtambo yeNsimbi, ngakumbi kwiindawo zemizi-mveliso ezinzima. Ngethuba lokusebenza, intambo ihlala idibanisa amadubhu, izithungu, imithwalo yokuphakamisa, kunye nezixhobo ezijikelezayo. I-friction isusa ngokuthe ngcembe imathiriyeli kwiingcingo zangaphandle, inciphisa idiameter yentambo kwaye yenza buthathaka ubume besakhiwo.
Ukunxitywa koomatshini kuba nzima kwiindawo zemigodi, amazibuko, iiprojekthi zokwakha, kunye neenkqubo zokuphatha izinto apho iintambo zisebenza phantsi kwemithwalo enzima kunye neemeko ezirhabaxa. Ukrwelo lwangaphandle ludla ngokuvela kumphezulu wentambo ngenxa yokukhuhla okanye ukutsalwa kwindawo eqinileyo. Ukunxiba kwangaphakathi kukwaphuhla phakathi kweengcingo kunye neentambo ngaphakathi kwentambo, ngakumbi xa ukuthambisa kunganelanga.
Iimeko ezininzi zokusebenza zonyusa umonakalo we-abrasion. Imithwalo enzima yenza uxinzelelo oluphezulu loqhagamshelwano phakathi kwentambo kunye nezixhobo zezixhobo, ukukhawulezisa ukunxiba komphezulu. Izithungu ezingalungelelaniswanga kakuhle zinyanzela intambo ukuba ikhuhle ngokungalinganiyo kwincam yegroove, lo gama imijelo yamagubu eyonakeleyo inokutyumza okanye iyikhubaze intambo ngexesha lokujika. Ubumdaka, isanti, kunye nobutyobo nazo zinegalelo ekukrazukeni kuba izinto ezingcolisayo zingena kwisakhiwo sentambo kwaye zisebenze njengezinto zokusila phakathi kweengcingo zangaphakathi.
Umonakalo wokukrazuka uwenza buthathaka Intambo yocingo lwentsimbi ngokuthe ngcembe. Njengoko iingcingo zangaphandle ziyancipha, intambo ilahlekelwa umthamo womthwalo kwaye iba sesichengeni sokuqhekeka kokudinwa. Ukugqithisa ngokugqithiseleyo kunciphisa ukuguquguquka kunye nokwandisa uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi.
I-lubrication efanelekileyo yenye yezona ndlela zisebenzayo zokunciphisa ukunxiba koomatshini. Izithambisi zinciphisa ukukhuhlana phakathi kweengcingo kwaye zikhusela intambo ekunyukeni kobushushu ngexesha lokusebenza. Ukukhetha ulwakhiwo lwentambo olululo kubaluleke ngokulinganayo. Ukusetyenziswa okuvezwe kukunxitywa komphezulu okunzima kaninzi kufuna iintambo ezineentambo ezishinyeneyo zangaphandle ukuze kuphuculwe ukuxhathisa kokudutyulwa.
Ukuhlolwa rhoqo kwezithungu, imigqomo, kunye nezinto zokuphakamisa nako kunceda ukuthintela ukunxitywa kwentambo kwangaphambi kwexesha. Imiphezulu yezixhobo egudileyo kwaye elungelelaniswe ngokufanelekileyo inciphisa ukukhuhlane kwaye isasaze imithwalo ngokulungeleleneyo ngakumbi kwisakhiwo sentambo. Ukugcina iindawo zokusebenza zicocekile ngakumbi kunciphisa ungcoliseko olurhabaxa kwaye kuphucula ubomi bentambo.
Ukonakala kunye nokonakala kwendalo
Umhlwa sesinye sezona zoyikiso ziyingozi kwiNtsontelo yocingo lwentsimbi kuba yenza buthathaka ubume bentsimbi ngokuthe ngcembe kwaye kaninzi iphuhla ingaqatshelwa ngaphakathi entanjeni. Ukufuma, amanzi etyuwa, imichiza, kunye nezingcolisi zemizi-mveliso zisabelana nomphezulu wentsimbi kwaye zidale umhlwa, nto leyo enciphisa amandla okuqina kunye nokumelana nokudinwa.
Imo engqongileyo yaselwandle nekude nonxweme iyingozi kakhulu kuba amanzi anetyuwa anyusa umhlwa ngokukhawuleza. IiCranes ezisebenza kufutshane namazibuko okanye kumaqonga angaphesheya kweelwandle zifumana ukuchanabeka rhoqo kumanzi kunye neediphozithi zetyuwa. Iindawo zokwakha zangaphandle zikwadala iimeko ezinzima ngenxa yemvula, udaka, utshintsho lobushushu, kunye nokuvela kokufuma.
Izityalo zeMichiza kunye nezixhobo zoshishino zibonakalisa ingozi eyongezelelweyo ngenxa yokuba izinto ezine-acidic okanye i-alkaline zinokuhlasela ngokuthe ngqo umgangatho wentsimbi. Kwaneendawo ezihlala ngaphakathi endlwini zinokuba nomhlwa ukuba umoya awukho mgangathweni okanye ukufuma kuqokelelana kufutshane nesixhobo.
Umonakalo wokubola awuchaphazeli kuphela umphezulu wentambo. Umhlwa wangaphakathi udla ngokuba yingozi ngakumbi kuba uphuhla phakathi kwemisonto apho kunzima ukuwubhaqa ngexesha lokuhlolwa okubonwayo kwesiqhelo. Umhlwa wangaphakathi wonyusa ukukhuhlana phakathi kweengcingo kwaye yenza buthathaka intambo engaphakathi kwisakhiwo.
Iintlobo ezininzi zomhlwa zinokuchaphazela iNtsontelo yocingo lwentsimbi. Umhlwa ophezu komhlaba ubangela umhlwa obonakalayo kunye noburhabaxa kwiingcingo zangaphandle, ngelixa ukonakala kwegalvanic kwenzeka xa iintsimbi ezahlukeneyo zidibana kwindawo emanzi. Kwiimeko ezinzima, imigodi ye-corrosion ibumba kumphezulu wocingo kwaye yenze iindawo zoxinzelelo ezikhawulezisa ukuqhekeka kokudinwa.
Ukuthintela umhlwa kufuna ukukhetha izinto ezichanekileyo zentambo kunye nonyango olukhuselayo. Intambo yocingo oluyiGalvanized Steel isebenzisa i-zinc coating ukuphucula ukumelana nokufuma kunye nokuvezwa ngaphandle. Intambo yocingo yentsimbi engatyiwayo inikezela ngoxhathiso olungcono ekudlekeni kwaye isetyenziswa kakhulu elwandle, kwikhemikhali, nakwinkqubo yokutya{2}}.
I-Lubrication nayo idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuthinteleni ukubola kuba idala umqobo wokukhusela ngokuchasene nokufuma kunye nokungcola. Iintambo kufuneka zigcinwe kwindawo ezomileyo nezicocekileyo xa kunokwenzeka, kwaye uhlolo oluqhelekileyo kufuneka lwenziwe rhoqo kwiimeko zokusebenza ezidliwayo. Ukufunyaniswa kwangethuba komhlwa kunceda ukuthintela ukusilela kwentambo okungalindelekanga kwaye kucuthe iindleko zokubuyisela.
Ukuphathwa ngendlela engafanelekanga, ukulayisha ngaphezulu, kunye neengxaki zokufakela
Iintsilelo ezininzi zeNtambo yeNtambo yeNsimbi ibangelwa kukungaphathwa kakuhle, ukufakela kakubi, okanye izenzo zokusebenza ezingakhuselekanga. Nokuba intambo yomgangatho ophezulu{1} inokusilela kwangethuba ukuba ifakwe ngokungafanelekanga okanye isetyenziswe ngaphaya kwemida yoyilo lwayo.
Ukugxothwa ngokungafanelekanga kwimigqomo yingxaki eqhelekileyo. Ukujika-jika okungalinganiyo kudala uxinzelelo olutyumzayo phakathi kweeleya zentambo, ezinokukhubaza ubume bentambo kwaye bonakalise imisonto yangaphakathi. Iziqhoboshelo zesiphelo ezingachanekanga zikwanciphisa ukhuseleko lokuphakamisa ngenxa yokuba uqhagamshelo olungakhuselekanga kakuhle ludala iindawo zokuxininisa zoxinzelelo ezenza buthathaka intambo phantsi komthwalo.
Ukugcwala kakhulu ngomnye unobangela omkhulu wokusilela. Yonke iNtambo yeNtambo yeNsimbi inoMda othile wokuSebenza wokuSebenza olungiselelwe ukusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo. Xa abaqhubi begqithisa lo mda, intambo ifumana uxinzelelo olugqithisileyo olunokubangela ukonakala okusisigxina, iingcingo eziqhawukileyo, okanye ukugqabhuka ngesiquphe. Kwaneziganeko ezigqithisayo zexeshana zinokunciphisa ubomi benkonzo yexesha elizayo yentambo.
Ukulayisha umothuko kudala iingxaki ezifanayo. Ukuphakamisa ngesiquphe, ukumisa ngequbuliso, okanye ukuwisa imithwalo kuvelisa amandla e-spikes abeka uxinzelelo olukhulu kwisakhiwo sentambo. Ukulayisha ukothuka okuphindaphindiweyo kukhawulezisa umonakalo wangaphakathi kwaye kwandisa umngcipheko wokusilela kokudinwa.
Ukuphatha ngendlela engafanelekanga ngexesha lothutho kunye nofakelo nako kunokudala iziphene ezisisigxina zentambo. Ukujija, ukukrwitsha, nokukhatshwa kweentaka yimizekelo eqhelekileyo. I-kink ifom xa i-loop iqinisa ngokungafanelekanga ngexesha lofakelo, iguqule ngokusisigxina isakhiwo sentambo. Ugcino lweentaka lwenzeka xa imisonto isahlukana kwaye isasazeke ngaphandle ngenxa yokukhululwa koxinzelelo ngesiquphe okanye ukuphathwa ngendlela engafanelekanga. Ezi ziphene zinciphisa ngokumandla ukomelela kwentambo kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo zifuna ukutshintshwa ngokukhawuleza.
Ukuthintela ukuphatha kunye neengxaki zokufakela kuqala ngoqeqesho olufanelekileyo lomsebenzisi. Abasebenzi kufuneka baqonde iinkqubo zokunyusa ezikhuselekileyo, ukulinganiselwa kwemithwalo, kunye neendlela ezichanekileyo zokufakela. Umsebenzi wokuphakamisa ogudileyo wehlisa ukulayishwa komothuko kwaye uphucula ubomi bentambo. Ngexesha lofakelo, iintambo kufuneka ziphathwe ngononophelo ukuze zigweme ukujija kunye nokugoba umonakalo. Ukulandela iingcebiso zomenzi we-spooling, ufakelo lokuncamathisela, kunye neenkqubo zokusebenza kunciphisa kakhulu umngcipheko wokungaphumeleli.
Ukunqongophala koHlolo kunye noLondolozo
Uhlolo olungonelanga kunye nolondolozo luhlala lusesinye sezizathu eziqhelekileyo zokungaphumeleli kweNtambo yeNtambo yeNsimbi yentsimbi. Uninzi lweziphene zentambo zikhula ngokuthe ngcembe ekuhambeni kwexesha, kodwa ngaphandle kokuhlolwa rhoqo, iingxaki ezincinci zinokuba yingozi phambi kokuba abasebenzi bazibone.
Ukuhlolwa okuqhelekileyo kunceda ukuchonga iingcingo ezaphukileyo, ukubola, ukuqhawuka, ukuncitshiswa kwedayimitha, kunye noguquko phambi kokuba kwenzeke umonakalo omkhulu kulwakhiwo. Ukubeka iliso rhoqo kukwavumela amaqela olondolozo ukuba enze ishedyuli yokutshintshwa kweentambo phambi kokuba ukusilela okungalindelekanga kuphazamise imisebenzi.
Ukuthambisa yenye yezona nkqubo zibalulekileyo zolondolozo lweNtsontelo yocingo lwentsimbi. Ukuthambisa okufanelekileyo kunciphisa ukungqubana kwangaphakathi, kunciphisa ukuguga, kukhusela ukubola, kunye nokuphucula ukuxhathisa ukudinwa. Ngaphandle kokuthambisa, intsimbi-ukuya{3}}ukudityaniswa kwentsimbi phakathi kweengcingo inyuka ngokukhawuleza, ibangela ukuguga okukhawulezileyo kunye nokuveliswa kobushushu ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo sentambo.
Iinkqubo zogcino kufuneka zibandakanye nokuhlolwa kwezithungu, amagubu, kunye nezixhobo zokuphakamisa ezinxulumeneyo. Amalungu awonakeleyo okanye angalungelelanisiyo ahlala ekhawulezisa ukunxiba kweentambo kwaye anciphise ubomi benkonzo. Ukulinganisa idiameter yentambo rhoqo kunceda ukubona ukuguga kwangaphakathi kunye nokonakala okungundoqo okunokuthi kungabonakali ngaphandle.
Ekugqibeleni, yonke iNtsontelo yocingo lweNsimbi ifikelela esiphelweni sobomi bayo bokusebenza obukhuselekileyo. Iingcingo ezaphukileyo ezigqithisileyo, ukubola okukhulu, ukuguqulwa okusisigxina, kunye nokunciphisa ubukhulu be-diameter zizibonakaliso ezicacileyo zokuba ukutshintshwa kuyimfuneko. Ukuqhubeka nokusebenzisa intambo eyonakele kakhulu kudala imingcipheko enkulu yokhuseleko kwaye kwandisa amathuba okusilela ngequbuliso.
Ukutshintshwa kothintelo kuhlala kukhuselekile kwaye kunoqoqosho ngakumbi kunokubuyiselwa kokusilela kwingxakeko. Uhlolo olucwangciswe kakuhle{1}lolucwangcisiweyo kunye nenkqubo yokulondoloza iphucula ukuthembeka kwesixhobo, inciphisa ixesha lokuphumla, kwaye yandisa ubomi bubonke beenkqubo zokuphakamisa.
Ukuqukumbela
Ukungaphumeleli kwentambo yentsimbi kudla ngokubangelwa kukudinwa, ukukrazuka, ukudleka, ukulayishwa ngokugqithisileyo, ukuphathwa ngendlela engafanelekanga, kunye nezenzo zokugcinwa kakubi. Ezi ngxaki zisenza buthathaka ngokuthe ngcembe ubume bentambo kwaye zinciphise ukhuseleko lokusebenza ukuba azilungiswa kwangethuba.
Ukukhetha iNtsontelo yocingo lwentsimbi echanekileyo kwisicelo linyathelo lokuqala lokuthintela ukusilela kwangaphambi kwexesha. Iimeko ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza zifuna amanqanaba ahlukeneyo okuguquguquka, ukuxhathisa kwe-abrasion, kunye nokukhusela ukubola. Ufakelo olululo, umsebenzi wokuphakamisa ogudileyo, kunye nokuthambisa okuqhelekileyo kuphucula ngakumbi ukuqina kunye nokusebenza kwentambo.
Uhlolo oluthe rhoqo luhlala lubalulekile kuba ukusilela kwentambo ezininzi kunika iimpawu ezilumkisayo phambi kokuba kuqhawuke ngokupheleleyo. Ukubona umonakalo kwangethuba kuvumela abaqhubi ukuba batshintshe iintambo ngokukhuselekileyo kwaye baphephe iingozi zexabiso eliphezulu okanye ixesha lokuphumla.
Ngokudibanisa ukhetho olufanelekileyo lwentambo, ukugcinwa kothintelo, kunye nezenzo ezikhuselekileyo zokusebenza, iinkampani zinokwandisa ubomi benkonzo ye-Steel Wire Rope ngelixa ziphucula ukuphakamisa ukhuseleko kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwiindawo ezifunayo zemizi-mveliso.
